Південний архів (історичні науки)

TRANSFORMATION OF THE CONTENT OF THE 10TH-GRADE CIVIC EDUCATION COURSE: NEW ASPECTS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR

2025-09-10T06:15:25+00:00

The main purpose of the article is to analyze the transformation of the school subject “Civic Education” that fosters students’ democratic identity in the context of the full-scale war in Ukraine. The study aims to define new content priorities that should be integrated into the updated curriculum in response to martial law, psychological challenges, and information threats.The research methodology is based on critical analysis of current curricula, regulatory frameworks, expert assessments, and comparative examination of European models of civic education, particularly the Reference Framework of Competences for Democratic Culture.The results substantiate the need to include in the school course several new topics: international humanitarian law, protection of internally displaced persons, the role of human rights institutions, foundations of psychological self-regulation, media literacy and digital security, as well as youth participation in volunteer and civic initiatives. The article highlights the importance of shaping students’ awareness of Ukraine’s European development trajectory. The conclusion emphasizes that the content update should be grounded in the principles of resilience, legal awareness, civic engagement, and critical thinking. Reform efforts should also involve modern pedagogical methods–project-based learning, interdisciplinary integration, cooperation with civil society organizations, and the use of real-life case studies. Such modernization will ensure the development of civic competences essential for adapting to wartime conditions, post-war recovery, and democratic nation- building.

TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES IN THE SPHERE OF CULTURE AND ARTS CAUSED BY THE REVOLUTION OF DIGNITY IN UKRAINE

2025-09-10T06:19:15+00:00

The purpose of the article is to highlight the transformational processes in the sphere of culture and art caused by the Revolution of Dignity and to highlight the need to realize the scale of these transformations during the revolution and their significance for Ukrainian society. The research methodology is based on the application of general scientific and special methods of cognition, in particular, a systemic approach, analysis, synthesis, logical method, and method of visualization of research results. The results of the work consist in determining the nature of the transformational processes in the sphere of culture and art caused by the Revolution of Dignity and in generalizing the views of scientists regarding their role in the revolutionary processes and their significance for Ukrainian society.The genetic connection of the events of the Revolution of Dignity with the direction of further socio-cultural development of Ukraine, awareness of the future in which the next generation will have to live, which is an urgent task of further scientific research, has been established and clarified. Conclusions. The identification and highlighting of specific cultural and artistic manifestations brought by the Revolution of Dignity, namely: in journalism and literature, poetry, Ukrainian song, music, in all forms and genres of fine art, poster graphics, photography, art installation, performance, cinema, museum art, etc. showed that they had a significant impact on the course of the revolution and on post-revolutionary changes in Ukrainian society, and activated the development of all spheres of culture and art.After the victory of the revolution, in the post-Maidan period, these transformations provided prospects for the further development of culture and art. Despite the wide range of reflection in historiographic sources of the course and problems of the Revolution of Dignity, in our opinion, the transformational processes in the sphere of culture brought by the revolution, given their significance and scale, require comprehensive understanding, research, and preservation in historical memory.

“SPANISH CHILDREN” OF UKRAINE: EMIGRANTS FROM SPAIN}IN DNIPROPETROVSK AND THE REGION IN THE 1950S – 1980S.

2025-09-10T06:23:37+00:00

The purpose of the study is to characterize the conditions of emergence, situation and peculiarities of the Spanish community in Dnipropetrovsk and the region in the 1950s – 1980s in the context of the history of Spanish exiles to the USSR, caused by the events of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939). The research is based on unpublished documents from the State Archives of the Dnipropetrovsk region, materials from regional periodicals, memoirs of Spanish outcasts, and the results of studies on Spanish emigration to the USSR. Methods. The study was carried out at the crossroads of regional, local history and the history of international relations, using general scientific and special historical methods (historical and genetic, comparative, historical and chronological, biographical, etc.). Results. Since the 1950s, there has been another resettlement of Spanish emigrants, in particular the so-called “Spanish children”, within the USSR, some of whom were located in the Dnipropetrovsk region. The geography of their settlement was limited to cities (Dnipropetrovsk, Kryvyi Rih, Dniprodzerzhynsk, Marhanets, Nikopol), where there was a possibility of employment and adequate (in the eyes of the Soviet authorities) living conditions. The total number of Spaniards in the region in 1960 was 152. Despite the authorities’ desire to solve all domestic and social problems as much as possible, some Spanish emigrants were dissatisfied with their living and employment conditions, although most tried to adapt to them. This was facilitated by the opportunity to get an education and make a career, which was unlikely for many emigrants at home. The Red Cross provided significant financial assistance to emigrants. A Spanish center was established in Dnipropetrovsk, and a regional committee of the Communist Party of Spain was in place to take care of the community. There was also a community in Kryvyi Rih. Until 1971, the Druzhba International Club operated in Dnipropetrovsk, which was closed after a split among Spanish communists over the Czechoslovakian issue. Conclusions. The Spaniards in the USSR, specifically in the Dnipro region, can be called a diaspora in the sense that they had the opportunity to preserve, albeit with restrictions, their identity at the ethnic and institutional level. The regional authorities, the management of enterprises and institutions where Spaniards worked and studied, did their best to facilitate their integration into the collectives, cultivating the main ideologies of the USSR regarding their role in the events of the Spanish Civil War. When the Socialists came to power in Spain in 1982, most Spaniards began to leave for their homeland, and the small Spanish community in Dnipropetrovsk and the region gradually “dissolved” among the population, losing its institutional basis.The prospects of the study are to write a synthesis of the history of Spanish political emigration to Ukraine, which will significantly enrich the understanding of the content and essence of Soviet-Spanish relations and fill the gap in the history of Ukrainian-Spanish relations in modern times.

HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE STUDY OF THE UKRAINIAN GREEK CATHOLIC CHURCH IN WESTERN UKRAINE IN THE EARLY STAGES OF THE UNDERGROUND

2025-09-10T06:29:08+00:00

The article aims to perform a comprehensive historiographical analysis of the research into the early underground activities of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC) in Western Ukraine. We seek to trace the evolution of approaches to this issue in different historical and ideological contexts and identify the main narratives and conceptual frameworks within which the UGCC’s activities were interpreted. The methodology of our study is based on the interdisciplinary approach that combines historiographical analysis, the theories of historical and cultural memory, postcolonial studies, and discourse analysis. We also employed the approaches from everyday history to gain a deeper understanding of the life dimension of underground religious practices. The article’s main content includes a systemic review of the primary stages in the development of historiography on the UGCC in underground conditions.We analyzed the Soviet historiography from the 1940s to the 1980s, which presented the UGCC as an “anti-Soviet element” and “the Vatican’s agent” through an ideological lens, denying the fact of religious persecutions and interpreting the violent liquidation of the Church as a “voluntary reunification with Orthodoxy”. The diaspora historiography from the 1940s to the 1980s presents the UGCC as a spiritual resistance to totalitarianism and considers its persecution an act of genocide against Ukrainians’ religious life, highlighting the preservation of church and national identities. The post-Soviet Ukrainian historiography from the 1990s to the 2000s, due to the introduction of archival sources from the SSU, MIA, and CSAPUU into scientific circulation, reinterpreted the events and, for the first time, objectively presented the mechanisms of the violent liquidation of the UGCC, the underground activities of the episcopate and clergy. The western scientific historiography analyzes the UGCC as an example of the religious resistance to the totalitarian system, including it in the broader context of the USSR’s repressive policies towards religious institutions and the research into religious freedom in Central and Eastern Europe. The conclusions emphasize that the historiography of the UGCC’s underground activities evolved from rigid ideological Soviet interpretations to contemporary multi-level interpretations considering political, cultural, and spiritual aspects of the Church’s resistance to the Soviet repressive system. We underscore the importance of further interdisciplinary studies, which will allow for a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of the Church’s underground existence as a component of Ukrainian historical memory and national identity.

PRESERVING THE MEMORY OF FALLEN SOLDIERS OF KHERSON AS A FACTOR IN THE FORMATION LOCAL IDENTITY

2025-09-10T06:32:22+00:00

The study aims to examine the processes of preserving the memory of the fallen Kherson’s defenders in the context of the formation of the urban community’s local identity in the conditions of a full-scale war against Ukraine. The author pays special attention to oral history as a key method for collecting historical materials that allows for recording the vivid emotional memory of the relatives and families of those who died in the war. The study focuses on the mechanisms of collective memory formation, the transformation of local identities in the frontline city during the occupation in 2022, and the sociocultural significance of honoring the dead as a moral and uniting resource for the community. The methodological foundation includes oral history approaches, source analysis of interviews with local residents, critical analysis of memory narratives, and the elements of micro-history and historical anthropology. Special attention is paid to reconstructing the local war experience of Kherson residents through the prism of personal testimonies, which serve as an important source for interpreting not only the facts but also the value component of historical reality. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the focus on the specificity of local memory in the conditions of the ongoing war and the introduction of new empirical materials – Kherson residents’ oral testimonies about the events of the city defense in the first days of the invasion and the commemoration of the fallen – into scientific circulation. This allows us to take a fresh look at the role of memory as a factor in public mobilization, social unity, and national self-affirmation. The research revealed that preserving the memory of the fallen Kherson’s defenders is not just a historical task but an active factor in local identity formation based on shared experience, values, and moral responsibility. The article underscores the importance of integrating oral history into broader national historiographical and educational practices to preserve memory during wartime to the greatest extent. The conclusions underscore that preserving the memory of the fallen defenders not only performs the function of a moral duty to the past but lays the foundations for the future, through consolidating the values of resistance, dignity, and responsibility in the community’s collective consciousness. In this case, memory is not only the object of historical research but also an active social resource in the struggle for the nation’s identity and dignity.

SVIATOSLAV KARAVANSKY IN THE UKRAINIAN DISSIDENT MOVEMENT (1960S – 1970S)

2025-09-10T06:35:12+00:00

The purpose of the article is a comprehensive and complex analysis of Svyatoslav Karavansky’s participation in the Ukrainian dissident movement from the early 1960s to the late 1970s. The methodological basis of the article was the principles of objectivity, historicism, comprehensiveness, continuity, as well as a complex of special-historical and general scientific methods. The work used methods of analysis and synthesis, retrospective, problem-chronological, and the method of comparison and comparison of information from various sources. Results and conclusions. The life path of S. Karavansky in the 1960s–1970s is a striking example of unwavering loyalty to the ideals of national revival, civic dignity, and intellectual resistance to Soviet totalitarianism. His activities within the Ukrainian dissident movement went far beyond personal protest – it took on the character of a long and consistent struggle, combining cultural and educational, journalistic, linguistic and human rights aspects. Sviatoslav Karavansky spoke not only against political repressions, but also against the deeper processes of Russification and the destruction of national identity. His public addresses, protest letters, literary and scientific activities, including the creation of the “Dictionary of Ukrainian Rhymes” and the publication of articles, became important acts of resistance, aimed at both a domestic audience and the international community. S. Karavansky’s imprisonment did not break his spirit, but only deepened his convictions. His activity in the camps, participation in the creation of the “Code of Honor of a Political Prisoner”, hunger strike, and joining the Ukrainian Helsinki Group testify to his transition from individual to collective, structured resistance. S. Karavansky’s experience demonstrates that Ukrainian dissidence was not a homogeneous phenomenon, but had within itself different strategies and approaches to the struggle. At the same time, S. Karavansky personified the most resolute, active line of resistance, which combined personal sacrifice, intellectual work and strategic vision. His contribution to the preservation of Ukrainian national identity, human rights struggle and intellectual heritage is undoubtedly significant and deserves deep scientific understanding and due respect.

IN SEARCH OF THE NON-EXISTING SITCH: DECONSTRUCTION OF A HISTORIOGRAPHICAL MYTH

2025-09-10T06:38:14+00:00

The purpose of the article is to verify the existing scientific hypotheses regarding the location of the so-called Bazavlutska Sich and to refute the historiographical construct of its existence as a stationary fortified military-administrative centre based on a comprehensive analysis of historical sources, cartographic materials and satellite images using modern GIS technologies.Research methods used are both general scientific (analysis and synthesis) and special historical methods: cartographic, source study and geographic information systems. Results. The author refutes the idea of the existence of the Bazavlutska Sich as a stable, stationary fortification of the Zaporozhian Cossacks in Velykyi Luh during 1593–1638, which is established in historiography. Based on the analysis of a wide range of written sources, historiography of the XVIII–XXI centuries, cartographic materials and satellite images using GIS technologies, it is established that The Bazavlutska Sich is a historiographical construct formed in the second half of the nineteenth century under the influence of a romantic interpretation of the past and an attempt to fill in the gaps in sources without proper verification.Conclusions. As a result of the study, the assumptions about the location of the so-called Bazavlutska Sich were verified. The analysis has revealed the absence of a stable tradition of locating this fortification in historical sources. The main narratives that shaped the perception of the Bazavlutska Sich during the nineteenth century are based, in fact, only on the testimony of E. Lassota in 1593. The application of the GIS method allowed us to compare the imaginary cartographic image of the Sich with the real landscapes of the Velykyi Luh, discovered after the draining of the Kakhovka Reservoir as a result of the hydroelectric power plant explosion in 2023.The study found that in 1593–1638, the Cossacks did indeed use the territory of Velykyi Luh as a temporary base. However, there is no source evidence to suggest the existence of a permanent, stationary fortification that would meet the characteristics of the Sich as a Cossack political, administrative, and military centre.

THE POLITICAL AND SOCIAL-ECONOMIC PROCESSES IN HUNGARY AFTER THE FIRST WORLD WAR – FROM AUTUMN 1918 TILL 1921

2025-09-10T06:42:28+00:00

The article describes the complex political and social-economic transformations that took place in Hungary after the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire as a result of its defeat in the First World War.The aim of the study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the causes and consequences of political instability, revolutionary changes, foreign policy challenges and the social-economic crisis that engulfed Hungary between autumn 1918 to spring 1921. The focus is on the activities of Count Michael Károlyi’s government, its attempts to preserve the country’s territorial integrity, its search for a democratic system and its response to the challenges posed by the newly formed states of Central-Eastern Europe, as well as its desire to modernize the state apparatus and adapt to the new geopolitical environment. It also analyses the ideological conflicts, social mobilization, cultural shifts and the role of the intelligentsia in revolutionary processes.The relevance of the topic is due to the necessity of rethinking the experience of post-imperial transformations in Central-Eastern Europe, which have many parallels with the current processes of state-building, loss of territories, search for political legitimacy and struggle for international recognition. The understanding of the root causes of the crisis of Hungarian statehood helps to better understand the challenges faced by new or transformed states in post-conflict settings.The methods of the study include historical and comparative analysis, a systematic approach and interdisciplinary methodology, which allowed to trace the impact of external and internal factors on the transformation of Hungarian statehood. The study found that the policy of M. Károlyi’s government, despite progressive reforms (democratisation, land issues, creation of a republic), failed to stop the process of territorial disintegration and a deep political crisis. The absence of a stable army, weak foreign policy influence, revolutionary sentiments in the country, resistance from the old political elite and aggressive policies of neighboring states (Romania, Czechoslovakia, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians) led to destabilisation. The proposal to create an „Eastern Switzerland” was not supported. Social protests, the growth of radical sentiment, peasant revolts, and the weakness of the administrative apparatus finally undermined the government's legitimacy.Conclusions: The study has shown that despite the sincere desire for democratic reforms, M. Károlyi’s policy failed in the face of external isolation, internal chaos and military vulnerability. The study of this period allows us to better understand the nature of the political crisis, the nature of post-imperial transformations and the formation of modern Hungarian statehood.

THE UNIVERSAL CHARACTER OF THE CATHOLIC ACTION IN THE LIGHT OF THE ACTIVITIES OF BISHOP HRYHORIY KHOMYSHYN

2025-09-10T06:45:09+00:00

The purpose of the study is to analyze the peculiarities of the embodiment and implementation of the ideas of the Catholic Action in the Stanislaviv diocese, to find out how the initiatives of Bishop H. Khomyshyn were in line with the universal principles of secular apostolate, based on documents, in particular, papal encyclicals, pastoral letters, and works by Hryhoriy Khomyshyn. Methodological basis. The study uses historical-comparative and historical-chronological methods, analysis and synthesis, synchronic and diachronic analysis, and the principles of objectivity and impartiality.Results of the study. In the first half of the twentieth century, Catholic Action became the leading form of lay apostolate in the Catholic Church. For the Greek Catholic Church in the Ukrainian lands, this movement was of particular importance due to the challenges of modernization, secularization, and the influence of ideologies. Bishop H. Khomyshyn (1867–1945) played a special role in the implementation of the Catholic Action in the Stanislaviv Eparchy, whose activities went beyond the local and became universal. The study found that the Catholic Action in the Stanislaviv diocese had a clear goal and was based on the ideas of Popes Pius X and Pius XI. A special role in its implementation was played by the institutions created on the initiative of Bishop H. Khomyshyn, in particular, the cultural and educational regional centers of the «Skala» Society. H. Khomyshyn, unlike Metropolitan A. Sheptytsky, emphasized Romanism and strict church discipline, which brought his vision of the problem closer to the Western European model.Conclusions. The Catholic Action in the Stanislaviv Eparchy was an example of a harmonious combination of the universal idea with local church traditions and the historical context of the interwar period. Its implementation contributed to spiritual renewal, the formation of an active laity, and laid the groundwork for a future understanding of the role of believers in the Church. H. Khomyshyn’s experience deserves a deeper understanding in modern religious studies and historical and theological discourse.